Đặc điểm viêm phổi liên quan thở máy trên bệnh nhân ung thư tại khoa Hồi sức Cấp cứu – Bệnh viện K

To investigate the incidence, clinical and subclinical characteristics, and microbial causes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in cancer patients. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 96 cancer patients who were on mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, from March 2022 to November 2022. Results: The average age was 60.4 ± 18.9 years; the male-to-female ratio was 1.7/1; the incidence of VAP was 15.6%; the infection rate was 16.8 patients per 1000 ventilator days. The main risk factors were the use of sedatives (93.3%) and proton pump inhibitors (100%). The predominant symptoms were fever (100%), increased sputum production (86.6%), lung crackles (100%), leukocytosis (93.3%), and diffuse infiltration and lung consolidation on X-ray (53.3%). The most common microbial causes were Gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumoniae (33.3%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (20%), and fungi (13.3%). Klebsiella pneumoniae was 100% sensitive to carbapenems, fosfomycin, and amikacin, while Acinetobacter baumannii was resistant to almost all antibiotics. Conclusion: VAP has a high incidence rate, with the main risk factors being the use of sedatives and proton pump inhibitors. The predominant symptoms were fever, lung crackles, and increased sputum production. The primary microbial causes were Gram-negative bacteria with high antibiotic resistance.