Đánh giá thực trạng và yếu tố liên quan đến việc sử dụng nhà tiêu hợp vệ sinh tại huyện Chương Mỹ, Hà Nội năm 2009

The study have been conducted in 407 households in two communes in Chuong My district, Hanoi and interviewed health workers, local govemment officials. The survey results showed that 16.7 percent of interviewees were not able to list any type of toilet in five told the name of a latrine in five- type toilets hygienic. The toilet with septic tank is the most widely known, account for 79.6 percent, followed by water washed (3.7 percent) and two-compartment latrines (4.7 percent). And 27 percent of interviewees did not list any name of disease caused by the pollution, and only 36.1 percent of interviewees mentioned the use of latrines is also one of the preventive measures diarrhea and worm infection. There are currently 65.7 percent of households without toilet or have toilets which are unhygienic setting up the plans to build toilets. The majority of there households stated the key reason is lack of budget to build. Over 80 percent of households are in need of interest free loan for the construction of latrines. Percentage of toilets in compliance with hygiene standards stipuleted in Decision 0812005/QD-BYT is still very low. Only 11.8 percent of households have latrines met hygiene standards on construction and use of preservatives, including 1.2 percent of water pour flush latrines, 10.6 percent of the septic tank, no Biogas latrines and two- compartments toilets. 15 percent of households have latrines met hygiene standards on construction, including water washed 2.5 percent, 12.3 percent septic latrines, double vault latrines 0.2 percent, 0.2 percent biogas latrines. There are 12.5 percent of households having latrines met hygiene standards on the use of preservatives, including 10.6 percent in the septic tank, 2.0 percent, pour flush water, no two-compartments toilets and Biogas latrines met the standard for the use and preservation. 94.1 percent of households have latrines, but only 27.5 percent of households have hygienic standards without assessment of construction quality and use. The poor, low educated people have little chance of access to sanitary latrines compared to the rich, educated people. Percentage of latrines met hygiene standards in Decision 08/2005/QD-BYT is much lower than previous publishes, including the data used to set up the national target program, phase 2. This suggests the amendments of planning program to achieve proposed objectives. There are 58.9 percent of households are using human excrement in agriculture, aquaculte. The human excrement is not compost ed or composted but not enough time as regulation by most of these households (78.9 percent). This is one important factor contributing to pollution of water resources and environmental surroundings.