Objective: to evaluate the infection in patients undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Method: retrospective study carried out in 18 patients treated hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Result: All patients developed febrile neutropenia. There were 25 documented infections among 18 transplants but only 10 case were identified the agent. Bacterial pathogens were mainly Gram-negative bacteria (30 percent ), common fungi were Candida spp. They were occurred in the preengraftment period. The common viral infections were cytomegalovirus, occurred in thepostengraftment period. The majority of thatwerein the patient undergoing allogeneic HSCT. Conclusion: the infection is a common and severe complication. The patient undergoing allogeneic increased the risk for acquiring infection more than the autologous patient.
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