Background: The effectiveness of ARV treatment among IDUs is still low. Objectives: Describe and compare the effectiveness of ARV among IDUs and non-IDUs at an outpatient clinic in Tu Liem, Hanoi. Methods: Qualitative design, secondary data were collected and 33 in-depth interviews with IDUs and 17 others health staff, family members were conducted. Results: The effectiveness of ARV treatment among IDUs is significantly lower than that of non-IDUs. The rate of weight gain, CD4 increase and opportunistic infection is lower among non-IDUs compared to IDUs: 52,6 percent vs. 63,4 percent; 67,9 percent vs. 85,1 and 19,62 percent vs. 5,31 percent respectively. There is statistically significant association between being an IDU and CD4 count, weight gain and opportunistic infection. Conclusions: counselling for treatment for IDUs and their families on adherence need to be strengthened. Comprehensive treatment that integrates with ARV treatment should be provided for IDUs.
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