Introduction: The first laparoscopic nephrectomy (LPN) was done by Clayman in 1990 for the treatment of the renal tumor. The study evaluated the safety, efficacy and our experiences to expand the use of retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy (RPRN) for the treatment of renal malignant tumor. Material and methods: 17 patients underwent RPRN between January 2007 and January 2011 at Viet Duc University Hospital including 10 males and 7 females whose mean age was 41.5 + or - 22.6 years (ranging from 21 to 74). Results: RPRN indication included: T1, T2 and T3a (tumoral thombosis of inferior vena cava wasn't included). The mean size of tumor was 4.5 + or - 2.3 cm (3-7 cm). The authors used 4 trocars for 58.8 percent of cases and 3 trocars for 41.2 percent. The average duration of operation was 92.6 + or - 21.3 minutes (75-120 minutes). Mean volume blood loss occupies 88.9 + or - 42.3 ml (30-200 ml). The RPRN was difficult in 29.4 percent relating to perirenal invasion and obese patients, no open conversion was necessary. 94.1 percent of RPRN was successful. The rate of per-operative haemorhage complication was 5.9 percent. The mean duration of hospitalization was 4.2 + or - 1.5 days (3 - 7 days). The postoperative pathology results showed Renal Cell Carcinoma: T1NO(23.5 percent), T2NO(35.3 percent) and T3aNO(29.4 percent). 100 percent of patients were followed up with the mean time of 36.41 + or - 12.55 months (12 - 54 months). No local recurrent and tumoral metastasis were found. Conclusions: The RPRN for renal tumor is safe and an effective technique, which can be applied for the treatment of malignant tumors of the kidney.
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