Bệnh lao phổi gặp ở người HIV suy giảm miễn dịch tiến triển và suy giảm nặng với các biểu hiện sốt, ho và gầy sút cân nhanh. Cần nhuộm soi đờm tìm AFB trước khi điều trị đặc hiệu, chỉ áp dụng các kỹ thuật khác khi kết quả soi âm tính. Nên chụp cắt lớp vi tính phổi để hỗ trợ chẩn đoán.
Objective: To find the clinical, subclinical manifestation of tuberculosis (TB) in patients with HIV/AIDS, Subjects and Methods: Retrospective study, 98 patients over 18 - year - old was diagnosed tuberculosis in HIV/AIDS patients who were treated at the National Hospital for Tropical Disease during period from 07/2009 to 06/2014, Result: TB occurred in all age groups, the most common were 30 - 39 years old (57.2 percent) with different occupations, Male/Female = 4.8/1. History of TB was 3.1 percent and 31.6 percent was on ARV treatment. Common clinical manifestations were cough (86.7 percent), fever (83.7 percent) and weight loss (69.4 percent), while the enlarged lymph nodes, chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating were low frequency. Test in fluid of bronchial: PCR( +) was 64.9 percent, culture BK( +) was 57.4 percent, AFB staining( +) was 25.4 percent. Test in sputum specimens: AFB staining( +): 59.3 percent, culture BK( +): 37.5 percent, TB lesions was 88.3 percent in chest X - ray and 100 percent in CT scan. CD4 cells dropped below 350/mm3o Conclusions: TB often occurs in the HIV/AIDS patient with immune compromised progressing and severe. Priority AFB staining sputum before treatment by specific therapy, using other test when sputum staining was negative. Need to use computed tomography in the diagnosis of lung tuberculosis.
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