Mối liên quan giữa kháng thể anti-Smith và đặc điểm lâm sàng, miễn dịch của bệnh lupus ban đỏ hệ thống trẻ em

The objective is to contrast the clinical and immunological characteristics of two groups of pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus patients, one with and one without anti-Smith antibodies. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study involved 83 pediatric patients newly diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus at the Pediatric Centre of Bach Mai Hospital. Results: Among the participants, 43,4% tested positive for anti-Smith antibodies, with an average age of 13,1 ± 2,4 years and a female-to-male ratio of 11:1. The prevalence rates of fever, hematological, neurological, dermatological, mucosal, serosal, joint, and renal manifestations, as well as the presence of anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and low complement levels were 47,2%, 50,0%, 11,1%, 50,0%, 22,2%, 33,3%, 58,3%, 94,4%, and 86,1%, respectively. No significant discrepancies were observed in the clinical presentations between the two clusters based on the presence or absence of anti-Smith antibodies. The prevalence of positive antiphospholipid antibodies in the anti-Sm antibody-positive lupus patient group (41,7%) was higher compared to that in the anti-Sm antibody-negative lupus patient group (19,1%) (p < 0,05).