Objectives: To assess the lesion of carotid and femoral arteries using Doppler ultrasound and to find the relationship between arterial lesion and some risk factors in patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative treatment or on maintenance hemodialysis. Subjects: 203 patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative treatment, 58 patients on maintenance hemodialysis and 66 healthy subjects. Method: cross-sectional descriptive. Results: Intimamedia thickness (IMT) of carotid and femoral arteries of patients with chronic kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis (0,893 + or - 0,213 mm and 0,88 + or - 0,105 mm) was significantly greater than that on conservative treatment (0,835 + or - 0,110 mm and 0,829 + or - 0,114) and on control group (0,713 + or - 0,092 mm and 0,731 + or - 0,095 mm), p 0.001.The proportion of cases with atheromatous plaque, plaque calcification in renal failure group was significantly higher than that of control group (p 0,01). In the group of patients with chronic kidney disease, hypertension, total cholesterol 6,2 mmol/l, cholesterol/HDL-C 5, Ca x P 60 mg2/dl2 and phosphorus 7 mg/dl is associated with increased risk of 1M thickening of carotid and of femoral arteries.Conciusion: the results showed the increase of IMT of carotid arteries in patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative treatment or on maintenance hemodialysis. The atheromatous plaque and calcification of carotid arteries were frequently observed in those patients. Hypertension,dyslipidemia, calcium-phosphrus metabolism disorder are risk factors for progressing of atherosclerosis in the patients with chronic kidney disease.
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