Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. or Vietnamese ginseng (Ngoc Linh ginseng), an endemic species of Vietnam, is one of the most well known herbs and rich in pharmaceutical compounds. Its cultivation takes a long time, generally 5-7 years, and needs extensive efforts to quality control in the face of environmental stresses including soil, shade, climate, pathogens and pests. Plant cell, tissue and organ culture techniques have been widely utilized for rapid and efficient production of ginseng biomass and ginsenosides. The establishment of callus, cell and adventitious root cultures of P. vietnamensis expands the way to potential commercial applications. Various physiological and biochemical parameters affecting the biomass production and ginsenoside accumulation have been investigated. These parameters are effect of various Plant Growth Regulators, sucrose, activated charcoal (AC), elicitor, explant sources, culture conditions and culture systems on shoot regeneration and proliferation from callus, callus induction and development and adventitious and secondary root formation. The saponin analysis of in vitro calli and roots showed the presence of three important saponins, ginsenoside-Rg1, majonoside-R2 and ginsenoside-Rbl. the same as those of the native roots. The results indicated that P. vietnamensis biomass has high pharmaceutical values and is a great perspective material source to produce saponin for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industry.
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