Phát hiện đột biến gen KRAS và bước đầu đánh giá hiệu quả điều trị đích ở bệnh nhân ung thư đại trực tràng

Objective: determine KRAS mutation frequency in colorectal cancer patients using direct sequencing and Scorpions ARMS methods; primarily evaluate effective treatment of Cetuximab combination with chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients without KRAS mutation. Patients and methods: 24 colorectal cancer patients were determined KRAS gene mutation using direct sequencing and Scorpions ARMS methods; compare effective treatment responses between seven-patient group using Cetuximab combination with chemotherapy and six-patient group using chemotherapy only. Results: 8/24 colorectal cancer patients, account for 33,3 percent, had KRAS mutation at codon 12 and 13, type of mutation was Gly12Asp, Gly12Val and Gly13Asp. After three months, treatment responses: partial response, stable disease and progress disease in the group using Cetuximab combination with chemotherapy was 1, 5 and 1 patients; in the group using chemotherapy only was: 1, 2 and 3 patients, respectively. After six months, treatment responses in the group using Cetuximab combination with chemotherapy was 1, 2 and 3 patients; in the group using chemotherapy only was: 0, 1 and 4. patients, respectively. Conclusion: using direct sequencing and Scorpions ARMS methods, the frequency of KRAS mutation in colorectal cancer patients was detected at 33.3 percent. Primarily evaluation of effective treatment showed that Cetuximab contributed to improvement of effective treatment in patients with late-stage colorectal cancer.