The authors performed retrospective study on 59 patients from 1 year old to 16 years old with ARV treatment failure from October, 2005 to October, 2011. The results indicated that most children with treatment failure were between 5 and 12 years old (71.2 percent). 57.6 percent was switched to second -line therapy. When starting ARV treatment, 72.4 percent of patients were in clinical stage 3 or 4; 94.6 percent of patients were in severe immunodeficiency stage. Proportion of virological treatment failure was 88.1 percent, of immunological one was 76.3 percent and of virological, immunological and clinical are 35.6 percent. Mean time of immunological failure was 23.8 + or - 12.3 months. Mean duration from immunological failure to starting second-line therapy was 12.6 + or - 10.5 months. 54.2 percent of patients were adherence failure, 67.8 percent of patients were lost parent and 52.2 percent of patients knew their HIV status.
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