Background: Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia jaundice is a popular clinical manifestation. Most of the jaundice is a physiological manifestation. However, jaundice is caused by pathology. It is very necessary to assess the knowledge and attitudes of mothers in taking care of neonatal jaundice to reduce the risk of death and sequelae. So, the authors conducted this research with the following objective: Assessing the knowledge and practice of mothers of Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia jaundice in Neonatal pathology department and Pediatric department in Vietnam-Cuba Dong Hoi friendship hospital. Subjects and Methods: 60 mothers had children aged from 0 to 30 days being treated for jaundice in Neonatal pathology department, Vietnam-Cuba Dong Hoi friendship hospital. Except for mothers be ethnic minorities, deaf and dumb, mental. Using the cross-sectional description method and interviewing skills to conduct direct interviews based on available questionnaires. Results: - Most of the mothers didn't know about jaundice accounted for 38.3 percent. The mothers said that jaundice is abnormal accounted for 36.7 percent, 25 percent mothers said that it was physiological jaundice; - Mothers with higher education have good a knowledge of jaundice and vice versa; - Interilectual mothers have the best knowledge of jaundice, followed by housewives and farmers. Small number of workers has the average knowledge.
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