Vitamin A deficiency is a significant problem of public health in Vietnam. Objective: To describe the vitamin A status of children under 18 months old and their lactating mothers and some related factors to identify preventive interventions accordingly. Results: The prevalence of serum vitamin A deficiency in children was 41.7 percent and in lactating mothers was 34.8 percent ranked in severity ( or = 20 percent) level of public health significant problems according to WHO classification. There is an association between vitamin A status of children and breast milk vitamin A concentration of lactating mothers. Vitamin A deficiency in children is closely related to zinc deficiency (OR = 3.17, P 0.05). The prevalence of mothers not taking vitamin A postpartum was 51.1 percent. Conclusions: vitamin A deficiency is an important public health significant issue in children and mothers in the targeted communes of Child Malnutrition Control Program. Their is a need to implement the effective solutions of prevention and intervention to lower the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency among children and lactating mothers in the community.
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