Objectives: To determine the rate of acute kidney injury and risk factors of acute kidney ,injuries in open heart surgery of pediatric congenital heart disease in the National Hospital of Pediatrics. Subjects and Methods: The study described 205 children after open heart surgery from July 1, 2012 to June 31, 2013. Defining acute kidney injury classification pRIFLE (based on urinary volum 24 hour after surgery), identifying the risk factors before and during surgery. Results: There were 32 patients (15.5 percent) with acute kidney injury after surgery, in which the level of risk (R) was 65.6 percent, injuries (I) - 25. percent and kidney failure (F) - 9.4 percent. The risk factors for acute kidney injuries through univariate analysis statistical significance included low body weight (p = 0.028); RACHS-1: 3-6 (p=0.001), duration of bypass prolonged (p=0.005), aortic clamp time lasting (p=0.03) and higher preoperative creatinine (p=0.045). Through multivariate model, the analysis of risk factors for acute kidney injuries had statistical significance, including low body weight (OR: 0.86; 95 percentCI: 0.76-0.97); RACHS-1: 3-6 (OR: 3.39; 95 percent CI: 1.46-7.82) and higher preoperative creatinine (OR:1.78; 95 percent0: 1.07-2.96). Conclusion: The rate of acute kidney injuries after 24 hours of open heart surgery of congenital heart disease was 15.5 percent; the risk factors of acute kidney injuries are low body weight, RACHS-1: 3-6 , and high preoperative creatinine.
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