In the modern life, autism is becoming more and more popular in society, especially children. Originally, it was believed that the major cause of this disease is due to environmental factors such as lacking care of parents or teaching responsible people. Therefore, children patients are delayed in entire development of languages, communication and social activities. In recent years, studies of autism have been obtained a great breakthrough when scientists found out genes getting involved in this disease due to mutagenesis. Thus, a consideration was brought out that autism may be well a heritable disease from parents. Among related genes, the SHANK3 gene is the main contribution factor, beside the NLGN3 gene, NLGN4X gene… Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and fIournescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are two main methods applied for autism-related genes/chromosomes analysis. Moreover, multiplex ligation probe amplification (MLPA) technique is used to confirm results obtained by two methods above. After diagnosising genetic disorders, some treatment therapies should be implemented in order to encourage autism patients be positive in communicating, social activities and recognizing everything around. However, up to now, two issues which are still debatable and unsolvable, are the relationships between phenotype-genoype and the interactions between genetic factors and environmental backgrounds. In the near future, if these wonders are answered, ,there will be a significant step in prevention and treatment of autism.
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