Objectives: To describe the spectrum characteristics and antimicrobial resistance trend of pathogens causing healthcare associated infections (HAls), 2002-2009. Subjects: Causative pathogens isolated from HAl patients at the ICU, Bach Mai hospital. Methods: Cross sectional-prevalence study. Results: There were 4 main pathogens caused HAls included Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida spp. In comparision to 2002, there were 2 causative pathogens had higher prevalence in 2009 including Acinetobacter baumannii: from 29.4 percent to 42.9 percent (p0.05) and Candida spp.: from 8.7 percent to 18.4 percent (p0.05). More than 86 percent of the Acinetobacter baumannii isolates were resistant to all commonly used antibiotics and there was a higher resistance of this pathogen to 5 antibiotics: ceftazidime and cefepime (96.6 percent), gentamycine (90.2 percent), imipenem (86.4 percent) and amikacin (89.1 percent). From 59.1 percent to 79.2 percent of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were resistant to commonly used antibiotics and there was a higher resistance of this pathogen to 3 following antibiotics: imipenem (from 18.2 percent in 2002 to 62.5 percent in 2009), piperacillin (from 46.7 percent to 79.2 percent) and gentamycine (from 45.0 percent to 70.4 percent). More than 75 percent of the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were resistant to commonly used antibiotics: ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, gentamycine, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, co trimoxazol and fosmycin. Conclusions: The increasing prevalence of gram negative antibiotic-resistant pathogens causing HAls in our study reflects the need to implement infection control measures to control the transmission of these organisms in the ICU and other departments of Bach Mai hospital.
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