A cross-sectional study of 292 primary school children was conducted in rural Vietnam to investigate the relationship among micronutrient deficiencies, and other risk factors for anemia. Serum level of selenium was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer and that of retinol by high performance liquid chromatography. Hemoglobin concentration in whole blood was measured by cyanmethemoglobin method. The incidence of low serum selenium in the children was 75.6 percent. Forty five percent of the children were anemic and 11.3 percent suffered from vitamin A deficiency. Parameter significant associated with anemia was low serum selenium and vice versa (OR 1.85, 95 percent CI 1.06-3.24, p 0.05). Another factors associated with anemia were serum retinol 1.05 umol/L (OR 2.05, 95 percent CI 1.25-3.36, p 0.01), and age in year (OR 1.59, 95 percent CI 1.16-2.18, p 0.01). The study showed that low selenium is associated with anemia among school children in Vietnam. Interventions are required to gain insight into the potential role of selenium on prevention and control of anemia.
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