Objectives: To study the anatomical landmarks of recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroidectomy. Subjects and Methods: 63 patients have done thyroidectomy at ENT National Hospital from 01/2014 to 06/2014. Results: relation with tracheoesophageal groove: the recurrent laryngeal nervea (RLN): inside the tracheoesophageal (60.5 percent). The right RLN and the left RLN have the same way: 56.5 percent. Distance to the trachea: The average distance from the left RLN to the trachea: 4.86 +/- 0.949 mm, shorter than the distance from the right RLN to the trachea (5.55 +/- 0.945mm). The relation with the inferior thyroid arteries (ITA): posterior ITA: 72.1 percent, between the branches of ITA: 16.3 percent, anterior ITA: 11.6 percent. The relation with the Zuckerkandl tubercle: the most common the Zuckerkandl tubercle with grade I, II (72.7 percent). The most common seen the LPN run inferior the Zuckerkandle tubercle (97.6 percent). The relation with Berry's ligament: 62/86 (72.1 percent) of the LPN runs deep in the Berry's ligament, 24/86(27.9 percent) of the LPN runs through Berry's ligament. The authors have no cases with the LPN runs superficial the ligament of Berry. 95.7 percent of the LPN have the same location on bilateral when cross zone Berry's ligament, branching outside the larynx of LPN (11.6). Distance to the inferior cornu: 7.21 mm. Anatomical variation of LPN in the neck: 2.33 percent LPN are changed the way by the thyroid tumor. Conclusion: the anatomical landmarks of LPN: the tracheoesophageal groove, the inferior thyroid arteries, the Zuckerkandle tubercle, the Berry's ligament, the inferior cornu. However, surgeon have to be careful and pay attention to anatomical variations of LPN.
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