
BK virus-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) is one of the major causes of allograft dysfunction in kidney recipients. The diagnosis is principally based on renal allograft biopsy. However the diagnosis can sometimes be difficult because of some similarities in pathological features of BKVAN and cell-mediated acute rejection. The authors reported a case of BKVAN to illustrate again some difficulties in making diagnosis of BKVAN. Due to the current limitation of available therapeutic options for BKVAN in Vietnam, the condition must be timely identified in order to appropriately adjust the immunosuppressant prescription. The close collaboration between clinician and pathologist is crucial for ensuring accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapeutic approach. Recent diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations have also been discussed.
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