A cross sectional study conducted on 762 postnatal mothers in 2 hospitals: national Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Ba Vi district Hospital from February to April 2015 aims at assessing maternal knowledge on postnatal care. Results showed that rates of mothers who aware postnatal dangerous signs are equal between rural and urban. Vaginal bleeding was the most common sign that mothers had detected: 71.4 percent in urban and 72.8 percent in rural. However, there was still 8 percent of rural mother and 2 percent of urban mother could not name any dangerous sign in postnatal period (p0.001). Urban mothers had 1.5 time better knowledge of newborn dangerous signs compared with rural ones (p0.001). Urban mothers also had better knowledge on postnatal motor and labor. About 20 percent rural mothers avoided traditional forbidden food on their diet while this rate among urban mothers was only 3.1 percent (p0.0 1). Mothers seem to be lack of knowledge on time of sexual reactive. Most of mothers thought that they had enough knowledge to take care of their babies. This rate among urban mothers was 1.5 time higher than this among rural mothers (96.9 percent and 68 percent) despite the fact that only 36.2 percent of mothers could pass the knowledge test of postnatal care.
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