Anemia is a global public health problem affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health. Selenium is an essential trace element for a normal human development and functioning of the human body. Recently, low selenium levels in serum have been associated with anemia in older adults living in the United Sate. Objective: To evaluate the association of selenium with anemia, fourlh cross-sectional studies were conducted on preschool children, primary school children, adolescent girls, and adults in Vietnam. Study subjects: a total of 903 studying subjects, including preschool children, primary school children, adolescent girls, and adults in rural Vietnam. Results: Concentrations of hemoglobin and vitamin A were significantly increased with higher quarliles of selenium concentrations (P 0.001). The prevalence of anemia, low levels of selenium, and vitamin A were 39.1 percent 45.4 percent, and 9.0 percent, respectively. Low serum selenium (OR 1.73, 95 percent CI 1.17-2.57, P
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