Xu hướng ứng dụng trí tuệ nhân tạo trong y tế và tim mạch

The American Heart Association (AHA) Annual Scientific Meeting is always the largest international cardiovascular scientific event to close the calendar year. AHA 2023 in Philadelphia, this November, devoted a lot of time to presenting, sharing and discussing applications of artificial intelligence (AI) at the bedside with the first published clinical trials such as: (1) the SPEC-AI1 trial of digital stethoscope screening on nearly 1,200 pregnant and postpartum women in Nigeria allowed to double the number of newly detected heart failure cases (which would have been missed by conventional care), allowing timely appropriate management and reducing deaths or complications; (2) the SPEECH trial in 400 adults with heart failure in Israel, leveraging smartphone voice analysis technology to detect early signs of worsening heart failure, achieving 71% accuracy in detecting heart failure events approximately 3 weeks before hospitalization; (3) the ARISE trial in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients at a hospital in Taiwan applied AI-assisted electrocardiogram analysis to increase diagnostic yield (88% positive predictive value and 99.9% negative predictive value) allowing STEMI patients to be transferred to the cardiac catheterization laboratory nearly 10 minutes earlier; (4) The ORFAN2 trial further assessed the risk of inflammation based on the coronary artery fat layer during routine multi-slice coronary angiography, which increased the ability to predict cardiovascular events independently of clinical risk scores (reassigning approximately 30% of patients to a higher risk group and approximately 10% to a lower risk group).